Curvature of Field Corresponds to Field Strength Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang School of Mathematics Abstract In 1975, Yang and Wu pointed out that gauge potentials correspond to connections on fibre bundles, and gauge field strengths ...
A Reinterpretation of Kepler’s "Faster at Perihelion, Slower at Aphelion" PhenomenonAuthor: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang School of MathematicsAbstractA well-established observational law of planetary revolution around the Sun indicates that planets mov...
The Physical Significance of the Unification of Curvature and Angular Momentum: Explaining Celestial Motion and Cosmic Evolution Based on General Relativity
Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang School of Mathematics
I. Core Theoretical Foundation ...
General Relativity and Celestial Rotation
Author: Suhang Zhang, Luoyang, Henan
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Abstract
General relativity describes gravity through spacetime curvature, and its core equations—the Einstein field equations and the geodesic equation...
The Origins of Mathematics
Author: Zhang Suhang
The philosophy of mathematics has long been caught in the binary debate over whether mathematics is discovered or invented. Neither a purely discovery-based view nor a purely invent...
Mathematical Structure and Physical Mechanism of the Difference between Positrons and Electrons: A Re-examinationAuthor: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, HenanAbstractStandard quantum field theory attributes the physical distinction between electrons and po...
Electromagnetic Energy Levels and Particle Indistinguishability: A Hierarchical Revision of the "One-Electron Universe" Hypothesis
Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan
Traditional quantum electrodynamics treats identical particle...
Hierarchical Evolution Laws of Mass-Energy Conversion: A Study of Frequency-Temperature Characterization in Annihilation and Photon Pair Production Processes
Author: Zhang Suhang Luoyang, Henan
Traditional relativistic physics re...
Light Cone: The Singularity from Lower Dimensions to Higher Dimensions? Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan Abstract The light cone is one of the most fundamental and least questioned structures in contemporary physics. It is by default define...
The Shadow of Absolute Spacetime in Relativity Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan
Newton constructed a system of separate absolute space and absolute time: space is a fixed, unchanging void container, while time flows independ...
On the Threefold Spacetime Forms Corresponding to Velocity Tiers: Flat, Mapping Distortion, and Spacetime Folding
I. Introduction
Humanity's cognition of spacetime geometry has always been constrained ...
On the Intrinsic Mathematical Mechanism of the Common Origin of Space and Time and the Co-Directionality of Length Contraction and Time Dilation
Classical relativity merely provides the calcul...
On Antimatter: Opposite Structure Also Constitutes a Potential Difference Luoyang School of Mathematics Author: Zhang Suhang Abstract Antimatter remains one of the most enigmatic concepts in physics. Within the Standard Model, antimatte...
Fields Potentially Influenced by Structural Conservation
This paper reviews the core propositions, theoretical positioning, and cross-disciplinary implications of the structural conservation f...
Structural Conservation and the Unified Reconstruction of the Four Fundamental Forces
The unification of the four fundamental interactions — gravitation, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force and the stron...
Structural Conservation: A Bridge Connecting Geometric Symmetry and Physical Conservation Author: Zhang Suhang Abstract Noether’s theorem stands as one of the greatest theorems in twentieth-century theoretical physics. It reveals the p...
Structural Conservation: A Topological Extension of Conservation Laws
Conservation laws are cornerstones of physics and mathematics. From Newton's conservation of momentum to Jo...
From Euler’s Seven‑Bridge Problem to Fourier Spectra: Methodological Reconstruction of the Three‑Body Problem Author: Zhang Suhang Luoyang School of Mathematics Abstract When Euler addressed the Königsberg seven‑bridge problem, he dis...
Fourier Transformation of Three-body and Many-body Solutions: From Newtonian Closed-form Solutions to Einsteinian Geometric SpectraAuthor: Zhang SuhangAbstractClassical many-body dynamics has long been trapped by the obsession with "analytic close...
Diverse Fields in the Universe Author: Zhang Suhang (Luoyang, Henan) Throughout the development of modern‑era physics and mathematics, a deep‑rooted yet seldom‑acknowledged mental inertia persists: human beings intuitively tend to believe ...
On the Diversity of SolutionsAuthor: Zhang Suhang Luoyang School of MathematicsAbstractTraditional mathematics and theoretical physics have long harboured an implicit cognitive inertia that has never been explicitly stated: the primitive s...
A Review of Methods for Solving the Many-Body Problem: From the Two-Body Analytical Solution to Four Alternative Approaches
The two-body problem has a global closed-form analytical solution, b...
A Study on the Unified Mechanism of Electron Energy Levels and Spins Based on the MOC Unified‑Curvature EquationAuthor: Zhang Suhang (Luoyang, Henan)Luoyang School of MathematicsAbstractBased on the MOC Multi‑Origin High‑Dimensional Unified‑Curvat...
Geometry and Mechanics
The two core frameworks of modern fundamental physics are both built upon geometric models: Riemannian geometry serves as the spacetime model of general relativit...
The Final Destination of Energy: Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy via Energy‑Level Degradation
Author: Zhang Suhang Affiliation: Luoyang, Henan Date: August 2026
In the standard Λ‑CDM cosmological model, ordinary matter, d...
Bottom‑Level Mathematical‑Physical Reconstruction of Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation and Proof of Mass‑Force Homology
Abstract In traditional classical mechanics, Newton’s law of universal gravitation is treated as an empirically induced...
Numerical Cases and Analysis of Two Basic Navier-Stokes Formulas Author: Zhang Suhang Version 1: Basic Paradigm (ECS + DOG + MlE) boldsymbol{U}^{n+1} =mathop{argmin}{boldsymbol{U}inmathcal{H}} mathcal{E}big(boldsymbol{U},nablaboldsymbol{U}big) ...
Hierarchical Classification, Applicability Boundaries, and Value Analysis of Three Types of Flow Control Formulas under the Navier-Stokes System Author: Zhang Suhang AbstractRegarding the four core equations derived from the Multi-Origin Coordin...
A Topological Extremum‑Seeking Solver for the NS Equations Based on the MOC‑DOG‑ECS‑MlE Framework 1 Introduction The Navier‑Stokes (NS) equations constitute the core governing system of viscous fluid dynamics. Conventional CFD solvers are ...
ECS: Toward a Unified Framework for Energy, Classical Mechanics, and Symplectic Geometry
Author: Zhang Suhang ( Luoyang School of Mathematics）
Through a complete set of derivations and newly established mechanical connecti...